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A surveyor using a total station A student using a theodolite in field. Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.
The Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) exam is generally the first step in the process to becoming a professional licensed surveyor (PS). It is designed for recent graduates and students who are close to finishing an undergraduate surveying degree from an ABET accredited program.
In surveying, tape correction(s) refer(s) to correcting measurements for the effect of slope angle, expansion or contraction due to temperature, and the tape's sag, which varies with the applied tension.
The licensing process follows two phases. Upon graduation, the candidate may take the Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) exam. If they pass and meet the other requirements they become a surveying intern (SI). Upon certification as an SI, the candidate then needs to gain on-the-job experience to become eligible for the second phase.
In surveying, free stationing (also known as resection) is a method of determining a location of one unknown point in relation to known points. [1] There is a zero point of reference called a total station. The instrument can be freely positioned so that all survey points are at a suitable sight from the instrument.
The DLS is the world's largest survey grid laid down in a single integrated system. The first formal survey done in western Canada was by Peter Fidler in 1813. [2] The inspiration for the Dominion Land Survey System was the plan for Manitoba (and later Saskatchewan and Alberta) to be agricultural economies.
Instruments used in surveying include: Alidade; Alidade table; Cosmolabe; Dioptra; Dumpy level; Engineer's chain; Geodimeter; Graphometer; Groma (surveying) Laser scanning; Level; Level staff; Measuring tape; Plane table; Pole (surveying) Prism (surveying) (corner cube retroreflector) Prismatic compass (angle measurement) Ramsden surveying ...
Position resection and intersection are methods for determining an unknown geographic position (position finding) by measuring angles with respect to known positions.In resection, the one point with unknown coordinates is occupied and sightings are taken to the known points; in intersection, the two points with known coordinates are occupied and sightings are taken to the unknown point.