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[14] [12] However, all NSAIDs showed association with structural cardiac defects with usage during the early weeks of pregnancy. When ibuprofen and naproxen are used within the third trimester, there is a significant increase in the risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus with primary pulmonary hypertension in the newborn. [ 12 ]
Use of anticonvulsant medications should be carefully monitored during use in pregnancy. [94] For example, since the first trimester is the most susceptible period for fetal development, planning a routine antiepileptic drug dose that is safer for the first trimester could be beneficial to prevent pregnancy complications. [95]
Zonisamide is an antiseizure drug chemically classified as a sulfonamide and unrelated to other antiseizure agents. The precise mechanism by which zonisamide exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown, although it is believed that the drug blocks sodium and T-type calcium channels , which leads to the suppression of neuronal hypersynchronization ...
Ethosuximide is usually well tolerated. [5] Common side effects include loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and feeling tired. [4] Serious side effects include suicidal thoughts, low blood cell levels, and lupus erythematosus. [4] [5] It is unclear if it has adverse effects on the fetus during pregnancy. [4]
Leg cramps – Leg cramps (involuntary spasms of the calf muscles) can affect between 30% and 50% of pregnant women and most commonly occur in the last three months of pregnancy. [20] Leg cramps typically last only for a few seconds, however they can be extremely painful and last for minutes. [ 21 ]
Schaffer et al. 1999 reported that one of their treatment failures, a 45-year-old woman taking 50 mg a day along with lithium 600 mg/day, clozapine 12.5 mg/day, trazodone 50 mg/day, and alprazolam 4 mg/day for three and a half months experienced auditory hallucinations that led to discontinuation of primidone. [44]
It can also lead to low birth weight, a shortened gestational period and complications in delivery. [38] Cannabis use during pregnancy was unrelated to risk of perinatal death or need for special care, but, the babies of women who used cannabis at least once per week before and throughout pregnancy were 216g lighter than those of non‐users ...
[4] [5] In those with pre-eclampsia, delivery of the baby and placenta is an effective treatment [4] but full recovery can take days or weeks. [13] The point at which delivery becomes recommended depends on how severe the pre-eclampsia and how far along in pregnancy a woman is. [4]