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Criminal deterrence theory has two possible applications: the first is that punishments imposed on individual offenders will deter or prevent that particular offender from committing further crimes; the second is that public knowledge that certain offences will be punished has a generalised deterrent effect which prevents others from committing ...
Deterrence in an international relations context is the application of deterrence theory to avoid conflict. Deterrence is widely defined as any use of threats (implicit or explicit) or limited force intended to dissuade an actor from taking an action (i.e. maintain the status quo).
if deterrence is going to work, the potential offender must always act rationally whereas much crime is a spontaneous reaction to a situation or opportunity; and if the system graduates a scale of punishment according to the seriousness of the offence, it is assuming that the more serious the harm likely to be caused, the more the criminal has ...
Deterrence may refer to: Deterrence theory, a theory of war, especially regarding nuclear weapons; Deterrence (penology), a theory of justice; Deterrence (psychology), a psychological theory; Deterrence, a 1999 drama starring Kevin Pollak, depicting fictional events about nuclear brinkmanship
A unified theory of punishment brings together multiple penal purposes—such as retribution, deterrence and rehabilitation—in a single, coherent framework. Instead of punishment requiring we choose between them, unified theorists argue that they work together as part of some wider goal such as the protection of rights. [64]
Pure minimal deterrence is a doctrine of no first use, holding that the only mission of nuclear weapons is to deter a nuclear adversary by making the cost of a first strike unacceptably high. [1] To present a credible deterrent, there must be the assurance that any attack would trigger a retaliatory strike. [2]
In the event of an attack from an aggressor, a state would massively retaliate by using a force disproportionate to the size of the attack. Massive retaliation, also known as a massive response or massive deterrence, is a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack.
[3] [2] Successful instances of coercive diplomacy in one case may have a deterrent effect on other states, [6] [7] [3] whereas a reputation for a lack of resolve may undermine general deterrence [8] and future compellence. [9] Successful coercive diplomacy entails clearly communicated threats, a cost-benefit calculus, credibility, and ...