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A simple harmonic oscillator is an oscillator that is neither driven nor damped.It consists of a mass m, which experiences a single force F, which pulls the mass in the direction of the point x = 0 and depends only on the position x of the mass and a constant k.
Defining equation SI units Dimension AM index: h, h AM = / A = carrier amplitude A m = peak amplitude of a component in the modulating signal . dimensionless dimensionless FM index: h FM = / Δf = max. deviation of the instantaneous frequency from the carrier frequency
In practice, the position-space wave function is used much more often than the momentum-space wave function. The potential entering the relevant equation (Schrödinger, Dirac, etc.) determines in which basis the description is easiest. For the harmonic oscillator, x and p enter symmetrically, so there it does not matter which description one ...
In spectroscopy, oscillator strength is a dimensionless quantity that expresses the probability of absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation in transitions between energy levels of an atom or molecule. [1] [2] For example, if an emissive state has a small oscillator strength, nonradiative decay will outpace radiative decay.
Lissajous curves can also be generated using an oscilloscope (as illustrated). An octopus circuit can be used to demonstrate the waveform images on an oscilloscope. Two phase-shifted sinusoid inputs are applied to the oscilloscope in X-Y mode and the phase relationship between the signals is presented as a Lissajous figure.
In physics and engineering, the envelope of an oscillating signal is a smooth curve outlining its extremes. [1] The envelope thus generalizes the concept of a constant amplitude into an instantaneous amplitude. The figure illustrates a modulated sine wave varying between an upper envelope and a lower envelope. The envelope function may be a ...
The Q factor is a parameter that describes the resonance behavior of an underdamped harmonic oscillator (resonator). Sinusoidally driven resonators having higher Q factors resonate with greater amplitudes (at the resonant frequency) but have a smaller range of frequencies around that frequency for which they resonate; the range of frequencies for which the oscillator resonates is called the ...
The damping force ensures that the oscillator's response is finite at its resonance frequency. For a time-harmonic driving force which originates from the electric field, Newton's second law can be applied to the electron to obtain the motion of the electron and expressions for the dipole moment , polarization , susceptibility , and dielectric ...