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Manchu bannermen typically used their given rather than lineal name to address themselves, while Han bannermen used their both in normal Chinese style. [49] Many Han bannermen adopted Manchu names, which may have been motivated by associating with the elite.
Manchu Bannermen who needed money helped falsify registration for Han Chinese servants being adopted into the Manchu banners and Manchu families who lacked sons were allowed to adopt their servant's sons or servants themselves. [77] The Manchu families were paid to adopt Han Chinese sons from bondservant families by those families.
Manchu Bannermen and loyalist Mongols received Dzungar women, children, and old men as bondservants, and their Dzungar identity was wiped out. [ 27 ] [ 41 ] Mark Levene, a historian whose recent research interests focus on genocide, states that the extermination of the Dzungars was "arguably the eighteenth century genocide par excellence."
Han Chinese Eight Banners (Chinese: 漢軍八旗; pinyin: hànjūn bāqí, Manchu: ᡠᠵᡝᠨ ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠᡳ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ [1]: 96 ), sometimes translated as Han-martial Eight Banners, [2] were one of the three divisions in the Eight Banners of the Qing dynasty.
The Eight Banners are former administrative divisions of China into which all Manchu households were placed, primarily for military purposes. [1]Banner (Qosighun or khoshun) as former division of all Mongols under Qing rule (includes Inner/Outer Mongolia) grouped in aimag (league), sometimes transcribed by hoshuns or khoshuns, were the battalion level of administrative/military subdivision in ...
Many Manchu Bannermen in Beijing supported the Boxers in the Boxer Rebellion and shared their anti-foreign sentiment. [78] The Manchu Bannermen were devastated by the fighting during the First Sino-Japanese War and the Boxer Rebellion, sustaining massive casualties during the wars and subsequently being driven into extreme suffering and hardship.
While ruling China proper, the Manchu-led Qing dynasty had promoted a common, "Manchufying" identity among members of the Eight Banners, its primary military forces. Manchus were thus strongly associated with the Banner system, even though there were Mongol and Han Chinese Bannermen as well. The Banner identity was not yet racial or national ...
A lot of other Han Chinese bannermen used Manchufied names, one Han bannermen with a Manchu name of Deming also had a separate Chinese name, Zhang Deyi. [83] Within the Manchu banner companies, there were various Han Chinese and Mongol persons dispersed among them, and there were Mongol, Korean, Russian, and Tibetan companies in the Manchu Banners.