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Iceland as seen from space, with Vatnajökull appearing as the largest white area to the lower right. Vatnajökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈvahtnaˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ, literally "Glacier of Lakes"; sometimes translated as Vatna Glacier in English) is the largest and most voluminous ice cap in Iceland, and the second largest in area in Europe after the Severny Island ice cap of Novaya Zemlya ...
Ice caps accumulate snow on their upper surfaces, and ablate snow on their lower surfaces. [6] An ice cap in equilibrium accumulates and ablates snow at the same rate. The AAR is the ratio between the accumulation area and the total area of the ice cap, which is used to indicate the health of the glacier. [6]
An ice cap climate is a polar climate where no mean monthly temperature exceeds 0 °C (32 °F). The climate generally covers areas at high altitudes and polar regions (60–90° north and south latitude), such as Antarctica and some of the northernmost islands of Canada and Russia .
An ice cap can be defined as a dome-shaped mass of ice that exhibits a radial flow. [5] They are often easily confused with ice sheets, but these ice structures are smaller than 50,000 km 2 , and obscure the entirety of the topography they span. [ 5 ]
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Icecap Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. [5] Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Austfonna is an ice cap located on Nordaustlandet in the Svalbard archipelago in Norway. Covering an area of 7,800 km 2, [1] it is Europe's third-largest glacier by area and volume, after the Severny Island ice cap of Novaya Zemlya, Russia, and Vatnajökull in Iceland. [2] The combined area of Austfonna and the Vegafonna ice cap is 8,492 km 2. [3]
The ice cap was mapped during the 1952–54 British North Greenland expedition led by Commander James Simpson. It was named in honor of the Royal Air Force in order to commemorate the air transport supplied to the expedition. The name "Adastra Ice Cap" had been suggested by Brian Roberts, but finally "Ad Astra Ice Cap" became the approved name. [2]
The Ad Astra Ice Cap is an ice cap in Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. [2] It is located in the Conger Range, north of the head of Tanquary Fiord. The Ad Astra ice cap has a maximum elevation of 1,676 m (5,499 ft). [3] Mummified wood was found in a valley at the base of the ice cap. [1]