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Large aircraft approaching to land normally use a 3 degree approach path. [4] This is equivalent to 3.14 nautical miles per 1000 ft of descent. If exactly 3 nmi are allowed per 1000 ft of descent, the glide path will be 3.14 degrees.
Emission patterns of the localizer and glide slope signals Glide slope station for runway 09R at Hannover Airport in Germany. In aviation, instrument landing system glide path, commonly referred to as a glide path (G/P) or glide slope (G/S), is "a system of vertical guidance embodied in the instrument landing system which indicates the vertical deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path ...
A useful formula pilots use to calculate descent rates (for the standard 3° glide slope): Rate of descent = (ground speed ⁄ 2) × 10. or Rate of descent = ground speed × 5. For other glideslope angles: Rate of descent = glide slope angle × ground speed × 100 / 60, where rate of descent is in feet per minute, and ground speed is in knots.
The ratio of white to red lights seen is dependent on the angle of approach to the runway. Above the designated glide slope a pilot will see more white lights than red; below the ideal angle more red lights than white will be seen. At the optimum approach angle the ratio of white to red lights will be equal, for most aircraft.
A 90° approach calls for the throttle to be closed when the aircraft is angled 45° from centerline. [3] On Base leg, the airspeed needs to be lowered to the manufacturer's recommended glide speed. In order to stretch the gliding distance, pilots will often pitch up momentarily to attain best glide speed, also known as Vg. Once this speed is ...
An approach slope is the path that an aircraft follows on its final approach to land on a runway. It is ideally a gentle downward slope. A commonly used approach slope is 3° from the horizontal. However, some airports have a steeper approach slope because of topography, buildings, or other considerations.
The course line is selected by turning an "omni bearing selector" or "OBS" knob usually located in the lower left of the indicator. It then shows the number of degrees deviation between the aircraft's current position and the "radial" line emanating from the signal source at the given bearing. This can be used to find and follow the desired radial.
Polar curve showing glide angle for the best glide speed (best L/D). It is the flattest possible glide angle through calm air, which will maximize the distance flown. This airspeed (vertical line) corresponds to the tangent point of a line starting from the origin of the graph.