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t. e. UTF-8 is a character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit. [1] Almost every web page is stored in UTF-8. UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 [2] valid Unicode code points using a variable-width encoding of one to four ...
Character encoding using internationally accepted standards permits worldwide interchange of text in electronic form. The most used character encoding on the web is UTF-8, used in 98.2% of surveyed web sites, as of May 2024. [2] In application programs and operating system tasks, both UTF-8 and UTF-16 are popular options. [3] [4]
Text with variable-length encoding such as UTF-8 or UTF-16 is harder to process if there is a need to work with individual code units as opposed to working with code points. Searching is unaffected by whether the characters are variably sized since a search for a sequence of code units does not care about the divisions.
UTF-8 uses one to four 8-bit units (bytes) per code point and, being compact for Latin scripts and ASCII-compatible, provides the de facto standard encoding for the interchange of Unicode text. It is used by FreeBSD and most recent Linux distributions as a direct replacement for legacy encodings in general text handling.
The Universal Coded Character Set (UCS, Unicode) is a standard set of characters defined by the international standard ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (plus amendments to that standard), which is the basis of many character encodings, improving as characters from previously unrepresented typing systems are added.
For UTF-8, the BOM is optional, while it is a must for the UTF-16 and the UTF-32 encodings. (Note: UTF-16 and UTF-32 without the BOM are formally known under different names, they are different encodings, and thus needs some form of encoding declaration – see UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE, UTF-32LE and UTF-32BE.) The use of the BOM character (U+FEFF ...
Popularity of text encodings. A number of text encoding standards have historically been used on the World Wide Web, though by now UTF-8 dominant in all countries, and the few major regional exceptions listed below. The same encodings are used in local files (or databases), in fact many more, at least historically.
This assumption becomes questionable, however, if the next two bytes are both 0x00; either the text begins with a null character (U+0000), or the correct encoding is actually UTF-32LE, in which the full 4-byte sequence FF FE 00 00 is one character, the BOM. The UTF-8 sequence corresponding to U+FEFF is 0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF. This sequence has no ...