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Osazone formation was developed by Emil Fischer, [3] who used the reaction as a test to identify monosaccharides. The formation of a pair of hydrazone functionalities involves both oxidation and condensation reactions. [4] Since the reaction requires a free carbonyl group, only "reducing sugars" participate.
A positive reaction of Schaeffer's test, which uses the reaction of aniline and nitric acid on the surface of the mushroom, is indicated by an orange to red color; it is characteristic of species in the section Flavescentes. The compounds responsible for the reaction were named schaefferal A and B to honor Schäffer. [3]
Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2] For this reason it is essential to use multiple different tests to show all adulterants.
Reagent testing is one of the processes used to identify substances contained within a pill, usually illicit substances. With the increased prevalence of drugs being available in their pure forms, the terms "drug checking" or "pill testing" [1] may also be used, although these terms usually refer to testing with a wider variety of techniques covered by drug checking.
Fetizon's reagent (Ag 2 CO 3 / celite) Fischer carbene (class of compounds related to [(CO) 5 Cr=C(CH 3)OCH 3] Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (H 3 PMo 12 O 40 / H 3 PW 12 O 40) Furukawa's cyclopropanation reagent (ZnEt 2 / CH 2 I 2) Frémy's salt (Na 2 NO(SO 3) 2) Gilman reagents (R 2 CuLi, class of compounds) Glauber's salt (Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O ...
The mechanism of carbonyl oxidation by iodine(III) reagents varies as a function of substrate structure and reaction conditions, but some generalizations are possible. Under basic conditions, the active iodinating species are iodine(III) compounds in which any relatively acidic ligands on iodine (such as acetate) have been replaced by alkoxide. [1]
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This reaction is rapid and stoichiometric, with the addition of one mole of thiol releasing one mole of TNB. The TNB 2− is quantified in a spectrophotometer by measuring the absorbance of visible light at 412 nm, using an extinction coefficient of 14,150 M −1 cm −1 for dilute buffer solutions, [4] [5] and a coefficient of 13,700 M −1 cm −1 for high salt concentrations, such as 6 M ...