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Childlessness at the age of 30. Childlessness is the state of not having children.Childlessness may have personal, social or political significance. Childlessness, which may be by choice or circumstance, is distinguished from voluntary childlessness, also called being "childfree", which is voluntarily having no children, and from antinatalism, wherein childlessness is promoted.
For men, financial uncertainty has a compounding impact on involuntary childlessness. It has been called “the selection effect” by sociologists, where women tend to look for someone of the ...
Voluntary childlessness or childfreeness [1] [2] describes the active choice not to have children. Use of the word "childfree" was first recorded in 1901 [ 3 ] and entered common usage among feminists during the 1970s. [ 4 ]
Many more couples, however, experience involuntary childlessness for at least one year with estimates ranging from 12% to 28%. [ 4 ] Male infertility is responsible for 20–30% of infertility cases, while 20–35% are due to female infertility , and 25–40% are due to combined problems in both partners. [ 5 ]
Infertility and childlessness stigmas are social and cultural codes that identify the inability to have children as a disgraceful state of being. Broadly speaking, in many cultures, "Demonstrating fertility is necessary to be considered a full adult, a real man or woman, and to leave a legacy after death," and thus the failure to make this demonstration is penalized. [1]
People with a reproductive disadvantage (including those with infertility, recurrent miscarriages, involuntary childlessness, or other forms of reproductive loss or lack) [1] use the term in reference to the variant levels of ease or difficulty with which people can become/stay pregnant and carry to term (if female) or father a living child (if ...
These experienced losses may include involuntary childlessness generally, pregnancy loss from all causes (including ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, induced abortion, and traumatic injury), perinatal death, stillbirth, infecundity and infertility from all causes (including voluntary, coerced or accidental sterilization, and post ...
Social commentators have said that the wide-ranging consequences of male infertility necessitate the use of crisis, [13] since widespread involuntary childlessness can be viewed as a crisis. [14] Research analysis has found that amongst a sample of British newspapers in the 1990s, there was a recognizable discourse about a male fertility crisis ...