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  2. Slipform stonemasonry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipform_stonemasonry

    Rebar is added for strength, to make a wall that is approximately half reinforced concrete and half stonework. The wall can be faced with stone on one side or both sides. After the concrete sets enough to hold the wall together, the forms are "slipped" up to pour the next level. With slipforms it is easy for a novice to build free-standing ...

  3. Rubble trench foundation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubble_trench_foundation

    A steel-reinforced concrete grade beam may be poured at the surface to provide ground clearance for the structure. If an insulated slab is to be poured inside the grade beam, then the outer surface of the grade beam and the rubble trench should be insulated with rigid XPS foam board, which must be protected above grade from mechanical and UV ...

  4. Grade beam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_beam

    Grade beam. A grade beam or grade beam footing is a component of a building's foundation. It consists of a reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into spaced foundations such as pile caps or caissons. [1] It is used in conditions where the surface soil's load-bearing capacity is less than the anticipated design loads.

  5. Underpinning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underpinning

    The beam and base method of underpinning is a more technically advanced adaptation of traditional mass concrete underpinning. A reinforced concrete beam is constructed below, above or in replacement of the existing footing. The beam then transfers the load of the building to mass concrete bases, which are constructed at designed strategic ...

  6. T-beam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-beam

    Unlike an I-beam, a T-beam lacks a bottom flange, which carries savings in terms of materials, but at the loss of resistance to tensile forces. [5] T- beam designs come in many sizes, lengths and widths to suit where they are to be used (eg highway bridge, underground parking garage) and how they have to resist the tension, compression and shear stresses associated with beam bending in their ...

  7. Reinforced concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete

    A balanced-reinforced beam is one in which both the compressive and tensile zones reach yielding at the same imposed load on the beam, and the concrete will crush and the tensile steel will yield at the same time. This design criterion is however as risky as over-reinforced concrete, because failure is sudden as the concrete crushes at the same ...

  8. Slurry wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slurry_wall

    A slurry wall is a civil engineering technique used to build reinforced concrete walls in areas of soft earth close to open water, or with a high groundwater table. [1] This technique is typically used to build diaphragm (water-blocking) walls surrounding tunnels and open cuts, and to lay foundations .

  9. Bond beam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_beam

    Traditional bond beams in the stone walls of an old house in the Çaykara village of Trabzon province, Turkey. A bond beam is a horizontal structural element, usually found as an embedded part of a masonry wall assembly. The bond beam serves to impart horizontal strength to a wall where it may not otherwise be braced by floor or roof structure.