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A blue nevus is a type of coloured mole, typically a single well-defined blue-black bump. [1] [2] The blue colour is caused by the pigment being deep in the skin. [4] Diagnosis is by visualisation and dermoscopy. [4] A biopsy is sometimes performed, or the whole lesion surgically removed. [3]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Monthly self-performed skin examinations and early referral to a dermatologist for monitoring are recommended interventions. Treatment approaches such as removal of the largest dysplastic nevus or all of the dysplastic nevi have not been shown to appreciably reduce the risk of developing melanoma and are not cost-effective; therefore, these ...
Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in humans. [11] [12] [13] There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma. [1] The first two, along with a number of less common skin cancers, are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).
Surgery to remove the basal-cell carcinoma affected area and the surrounding skin is thought to be the most effective treatment. [40] A disadvantage with standard surgical excision is a reported higher recurrence rate of basal-cell cancers of the face, [ 41 ] especially around the eyelids, [ 42 ] nose, and facial structures. [ 43 ]
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma is the second-most common cancer of the skin (after basal-cell carcinoma, but more common than melanoma). It usually occurs in areas exposed to the sun. Sunlight exposure and immunosuppression are risk factors for SCC of the skin, with chronic sun exposure being the strongest environmental risk factor. [26]
According to the Cleveland Clinic, this rare cancer spreads by secreting mucin, a component of mucus, inside a person's abdomen, causing it to fill up with a jelly-like substance.
Mohs surgery is the gold standard method for obtaining complete margin control during removal of a skin cancer (complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment - CCPDMA) using frozen section histology. [1] CCPDMA or Mohs surgery allows for the removal of a skin cancer with very narrow surgical margin and a high cure rate.