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The Kentucky Geological Survey (KGS) is a department of the University of Kentucky that provides information on the geology of Kentucky, but has variously over the course of its history been a state level office, or a sub-division of a state combined geology and forestry department, at times its official State Geologist being prohibited by law from being associated with the University of Kentucky.
The geology of Kentucky formed beginning more than one billion years ago, in the Proterozoic eon of the Precambrian. The oldest igneous and metamorphic crystalline basement rock is part of the Grenville Province, a small continent that collided with the early North American continent.
The Lexington Limestone is a prominent geologic formation that constitutes a large part of the late Ordovician bedrock of the inner Bluegrass region in Kentucky.Named after the city of Lexington, the geologic formation has heavily influenced both the surface topography and economy of the region.
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Zincite is the mineral form of zinc oxide (Zn O). Its crystal form is rare in nature; a notable exception to this is at the Franklin and Sterling Hill Mines in New Jersey, an area also famed for its many fluorescent minerals. It has a hexagonal crystal structure and a color that depends on the presence of impurities.
The Eastern Kentucky Coalfield covers 31 counties with a combined land area of 13,370 sq mi (34,628 km 2), or about 33.1 percent of the state's land area.Its 2000 census population was 734,194 inhabitants, or about 18.2 percent of the state's population.
The Maysville roadcut, located in northeastern Kentucky, features upper Ordovician rock and fossils. Maysville is located in Mason County, Kentucky, and contains a large roadcut along U.S. Route 68. The cut was human-made in the 1950s and consists of rock that is roughly 450 million years old. [1]
Witherite is a barium carbonate mineral, Ba C O 3, in the aragonite group. [2] Witherite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and virtually always is twinned. [2] The mineral is colorless, milky-white, grey, pale-yellow, green, to pale-brown. The specific gravity is 4.3, which is high for a translucent mineral. [2]