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An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
Ramanujan summation is a technique invented by the mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan for assigning a value to divergent infinite series.Although the Ramanujan summation of a divergent series is not a sum in the traditional sense, it has properties that make it mathematically useful in the study of divergent infinite series, for which conventional summation is undefined.
But if exact values for large factorials are desired, then special software is required, as in the pseudocode that follows, which implements the classic algorithm to calculate 1, 1×2, 1×2×3, 1×2×3×4, etc. the successive factorial numbers.
In mathematics, the infinite series 1 / 2 + 1 / 4 + 1 / 8 + 1 / 16 + ··· is an elementary example of a geometric series that converges absolutely. The sum of the series is 1. In summation notation, this may be expressed as
Generalizing this argument, any infinite sum of values of a monotone decreasing positive function of (like the harmonic series) has partial sums that are within a bounded distance of the values of the corresponding integrals. Therefore, the sum converges if and only if the integral over the same range of the same function converges.
In mathematical analysis, Cesàro summation (also known as the Cesàro mean [1] [2] or Cesàro limit [3]) assigns values to some infinite sums that are not necessarily convergent in the usual sense. The Cesàro sum is defined as the limit, as n tends to infinity, of the sequence of arithmetic means of the first n partial sums of the series.
The following is an incomplete list of some arbitrary-precision arithmetic libraries for C++. GMP [1] [nb 1] MPFR [3] MPIR [4] TTMath [5] Arbitrary Precision Math C++ Package [6] Class Library for Numbers; Number Theory Library; Apfloat [7] C++ Big Integer Library [8] MAPM [9] ARPREC [10] InfInt [11] Universal Numbers [12] mp++ [13] num7 [14]
computes natural logarithm (to base e) of 1 plus the given number ilogb: extracts exponent of the number logb: extracts exponent of the number Power functions sqrt: computes square root: cbrt: computes cubic root: hypot: computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers: pow: raises a number to the given power [4 ...