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Citrobacter koseri, formerly known as Citrobacter diversus, is a Gram-negative non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium. It is a facultative anaerobe capable of aerobic respiration . It is motile via peritrichous flagella . [ 2 ]
The species C. amalonaticus, C. koseri, and C. freundii can use citrate as a sole carbon source. Citrobacter species are differentiated by their ability to convert tryptophan to indole (C. koseri is the only citrobacter to be commonly indole-positive), ferment lactose (C. koseri is a lactose fermentor), and use malonate. [3]
In microbiology, a colony-forming unit (CFU, cfu or Cfu) is a unit which estimates the number of microbial cells (bacteria, fungi, viruses etc.) in a sample that are viable, able to multiply via binary fission under the controlled conditions. Counting with colony-forming units requires culturing the microbes and counts only viable cells, in ...
It is especially recommended when blood in the urine has been detected. Urine typically contains epithelial cells shed from the urinary tract, and urine cytology evaluates this urinary sediment for the presence of cancerous cells [ 2 ] [ 3 ] from the lining of the urinary tract, and it is a convenient noninvasive technique for follow-up ...
GBS urinary tract infections, more than 100.000 CFU (colony forming units) /mL, may induce labour in pregnant women and cause premature delivery (preterm birth) and miscarriage and requires antibiotic treatment. The presence of GBS in the urine in any colony count is a marker of heavy GBS colonization and an indication for Intrapartum ...
Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in urine. [1] Bacteriuria accompanied by symptoms is a urinary tract infection while that without is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. [1] [2] Diagnosis is by urinalysis or urine culture. [3] Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium found. [1]
g/mL Urobilinogen: 0.2 [2] 1.0 [2] Ehrlich units or mg/dL Free catecholamines, dopamine: 90 [3] 420 [3] μg/d Red blood cells (RBCs) 0 [4] [2] 2 [2] - 3 [4] per High Power Field (HPF) RBC casts: n/a 0 / negative [2] White blood cells (WBCs) 0 [2] 2 [2] pH: 5 [2] 7 [2] (unitless) Protein: 0: trace amounts [2] Glucose: n/a: 0 / negative [2 ...
Urine NH 4 + is difficult to measure directly, but its excretion is usually accompanied by the anion chloride. A negative urine anion gap can be used as evidence of increased NH 4 + excretion. In a metabolic acidosis without a serum anion gap: A positive urine anion gap suggests a low urinary NH 4 + (e.g. renal tubular acidosis).