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Butanol (also called butyl alcohol) is a four-carbon alcohol with a formula of C 4 H 9 O H, which occurs in five isomeric structures (four structural isomers), from a straight-chain primary alcohol to a branched-chain tertiary alcohol; [1] all are a butyl or isobutyl group linked to a hydroxyl group (sometimes represented as BuOH, sec-BuOH, i-BuOH, and t-BuOH).
[5] On an industrial-scale 4-hydroxy-TEMPO is often present as a structural element in hindered amine light stabilizers, which are commonly used stabilizers in plastics, it is also used as a polymerisation inhibitor, particularly during the purification of styrene. It is a promising model substance to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA ...
Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate) is a chemical compound composed of four sterically hindered phenols linked through a pentaerythritol core. It is used as primary antioxidant for stabilizing polymers , particularly polyethylene and polypropylene .
Like other butanols, butan-2-ol has low acute toxicity. The LD 50 is 4400 mg/kg (rat, oral). [6]Several explosions have been reported [7] [8] [9] during the conventional distillation of 2-butanol, apparently due to the buildup of peroxides with the boiling point higher than that of pure alcohol (and therefore concentrating in the still pot during distillation).
The chemical synthesis of BHT in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid: [11] CH 3 (C 6 H 4)OH + 2 CH 2 =C(CH 3) 2 → ((CH 3) 3 C) 2 CH 3 C 6 H 2 OH. Alternatively, BHT has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation ...
1,2,4-Butanetriol is an organic compound with the formula HOCH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 CH 2 OH. It is an colorless, odorless, hygroscopic , oily liquid. Containing three alcohol groups, it is classified as a polyol , similar to glycerol and erythritol .
CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CHO → CH 3 CH=CHCHO + H 2 O. Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives 1,3-butanediol: CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CHO + H 2 → CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CH 2 OH. This diol is a precursor to 1,3-butadiene, precursor to diverse polymers. Polymerization of 3-hydroxybutanal is also spontaneous, but can be stopped with the addition of water.
In sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), coniferyl aldehyde is a precursor to sinapaldehyde via hydroxylation mediated by coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase. [3] Coniferyl aldehyde is reduced to coniferyl alcohol by the action of dehydrogenase enzymes. [2] It is found in Senra incana (Hibisceae).