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Sulfuric(IV) acid (United Kingdom spelling: sulphuric(IV) acid), also known as sulfurous (UK: sulphurous) acid and thionic acid, [citation needed] is the chemical compound with the formula H 2 SO 3. Raman spectra of solutions of sulfur dioxide in water show only signals due to the SO 2 molecule and the bisulfite ion, HSO − 3 . [ 2 ]
Oleum is produced in the contact process, where sulfur is oxidized to sulfur trioxide which is subsequently dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid. [3] Sulfuric acid itself is regenerated by dilution of part of the oleum. The lead chamber process for sulfuric acid production was abandoned, partly because it could not produce sulfur trioxide or ...
Sulfuric acid is a very important commodity chemical; a country's sulfuric acid production is a good indicator of its industrial strength. [9] Many methods for its production are known, including the contact process, the wet sulfuric acid process, and the lead chamber process. [10] Sulfuric acid is also a key substance in the chemical industry.
In whatever way SO 3 is formed, it does not behave like SO 2 in that it forms a liquid aerosol known as sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) mist that is very difficult to remove. Generally, about 1% of the sulfur dioxide will be converted to SO 3. Sulfuric acid mist is often the cause of the blue haze that often appears as the flue gas plume dissipates.
Concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong dehydrating agent that can strip available water molecules and water components from sugar and organic tissue. [ 141 ] The burning of coal and/or petroleum by industry and power plants generates sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) that reacts with atmospheric water and oxygen to produce sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3 ). [ 142 ]
Commonly used mineral acids are sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO 3); these are also known as bench acids. [1] Mineral acids range from superacids (such as perchloric acid) to very weak ones (such as boric acid). Mineral acids tend to be very soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents.
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The decomposition products can include sulfur, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, polysulfanes, sulfuric acid and polythionates, depending on the reaction conditions. [6] Anhydrous methods of producing the acid were developed by Max Schmidt: [6] [7] H 2 S + SO 3 → H 2 S 2 O 3 Na 2 S 2 O 3 + 2 HCl → 2 NaCl + H 2 S 2 O 3 HSO 3 Cl + H 2 S → ...