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More accurate tools were not needed until the use of the caravel, a speedy vessel ideally suited to the ocean, became widespread. As sea travel became increasingly more important, sailors understood that the farther from coast they ventured, the more they would have to deal with currents, wind intensity and direction, star position based upon ...
Indian Ocean trade routes were sailed by Arab traders. By 1400, a Latin translation of Ptolemy's Geographia reached Italy from Constantinople. The rediscovery of Roman geographical knowledge was a revelation, [41] both for map-making and worldview, [42] although reinforcing the idea that the Indian Ocean was landlocked.
After procuring the new caravel ship, Henry was responsible for the early development of Portuguese exploration and maritime trade with other continents through the systematic exploration of Western Africa, the islands of the Atlantic Ocean, and the search for new routes.
In 1565, the application of this principle in the Pacific Ocean led the Spanish making the Manila Galleon trade route. There were other factors that counteracted Iberian domination. Whether traveling up the rivers in Africa or encountering the indigenous populations in the New World, both these groups had easily maneuverable canoes that could ...
The caravel's limited capacity for cargo and crew were its main drawbacks, but these did not hinder its success. Among the famous caravels are Berrio , which was the first ship of Vasco da Gama's first armada to reach Portugal after the voyage, and Anunciação ( Nossa Senhora da Anunciação ), which sailed with Cabral in 1500.
The Clipper Route followed by ships sailing between England and Australia/New Zealand. Strait of Magellan and the Pacific: Ferdinand Magellan discovered the strait which bears his name in 1519. Entering the Pacific, he used the Humboldt Current to go north to the trade winds, which then blew him westward to the Philippines.
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Combined with the empirical observations gathered in oceanic seafaring, mapping winds and currents, Portuguese explorers took the lead in the long distance oceanic navigation, [38] opening later, at the beginning of the 16th century, a network of ocean routes covering the Atlantic, the Indian and the western Pacific oceans, from the North ...