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2. Prostate cancer screening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer_screening

   The Prostate Health Index (PHI) is a PSA-based blood test for early prostate cancer screening. It may be used to determine when a biopsy is needed. [32] [46] Prostate cancer antigen 3 is a urine test that detects the overexpression of the PCA3 gene, an indicator of prostate cancer. [32] [46] [47] [44]

3. Tumor marker - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_marker

   Reflect the stage of cancer; By determining the stage of cancer, it's possible to give a prognosis and treatment plan. [4] Screening for cancers; No screening test is wholly specific, and a high level of tumor marker can still be found in benign tumors. The only tumor marker currently used in screening is PSA (prostate-specific antigen ...

4. Reference ranges for blood tests - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ranges_for_blood...

   Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...

5. TRH stimulation test - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRH_stimulation_test

   The test is used in the differential diagnosis of secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism. First, blood is drawn and a baseline TSH level is measured. Then, TRH is administered via a vein. After 30 minutes blood is drawn again and the levels of TSH are measured and compared to the baseline. Some authors recommend additional blood sampling at 15 ...

6. Antithyroid autoantibodies - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithyroid_autoantibodies

   Binding of the antibody to the amino terminus of the TSH receptor shows stimulatory activity, whereas binding to residues 261-370 or 388-403 block the activity. TRAbs are present in 70–100% of Graves' disease (85–100% for activating antibodies and 75–96% for blocking antibodies) and 1–2% of normal individuals.

7. Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamic–pituitary...

   The TSH, in turn, stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone until levels in the blood return to normal. Thyroid hormone exerts negative feedback control over the hypothalamus as well as anterior pituitary, thus controlling the release of both TRH from hypothalamus and TSH from anterior pituitary gland.