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Jews had fought side-by-side with Muslim soldiers to defend the city, and as the crusaders breached the outer walls, the Jews of the city retreated to their synagogue to "prepare for death". [31] According to the Muslim chronicle of Ibn al-Qalanisi , "The Jews assembled in their synagogue, and the Franks burned it over their heads."
The Jewish Amoraim attributed the destruction of the Temple and Jerusalem as punishment from God for the "baseless" hatred that pervaded Jewish society at the time. [117] Many Jews in despair are thought to have abandoned Judaism for some version of paganism, and many others sided with the growing Christian sect within Judaism.
In many cities, the civil authorities either did little to protect the Jewish communities or they actually abetted the rioters. [19] The attacks led to the eastward movement of Northern European Jewry to Poland and Lithuania, where they remained for the six centuries. King Casimir III of Poland enthusiastically gave refuge and protection to the ...
Jewish money was also used in France for financing the Second Crusade; the Jews were also attacked in many instances, but not on the scale of the attacks of 1096. In England, the Third Crusade was the pretext for the expulsion of the Jews and the confiscation of their money.
Sennacherib besieged Jerusalem, but did not capture it. Sennacherib's Annals describe how the king trapped Hezekiah of Judah in Jerusalem "like a caged bird" and later returned to Assyria when he received tribute from Judah. In the Hebrew Bible, Hezekiah is described as paying 300 talents of silver and 30 talents of gold to Assyria. The ...
The first Jewish communities in the Kingdom of England were recorded some time after the Norman Conquest in 1066, moving from William the Conqueror's towns in northern France. [2] Jews were viewed as being under the direct jurisdiction and property of the king, [3] making them subject to his whims. The monarch could tax or imprison Jews as he ...
The First Jewish–Roman War (66–74 CE), sometimes called the Great Jewish Revolt, [a] the First Jewish Revolt, or the Jewish War, [b] was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews against the Roman Empire.
The attacks were opposed by the local bishops and widely condemned at the time as a violation of the crusades' aims, which were not directed against the Jews. [4] [5] However, the perpetrators mostly escaped legal punishment. The social position of the Jews in western Europe worsened, and legal restrictions increased during and after the crusades.