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Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is equal to the maximum ground acceleration that occurred during earthquake shaking at a location. PGA is equal to the amplitude of the largest absolute acceleration recorded on an accelerogram at a site during a particular earthquake. [ 1 ]
3D structural geological modeling CGRE Institute, RWTH Aachen - Miguel de la Varga LGPL v3: Cross-platform: Python: Open-source implicit geological modeling that allows for automation of model construction and is aimed to enable the implementation of probabilistic machine-learning methods, e.g. for uncertainty analysis.
It has become the standard scale used by seismological authorities like the United States Geological Survey [4] for reporting large earthquakes (typically M > 4), replacing the local magnitude (M L ) and surface-wave magnitude (M s ) scales. Subtypes of the moment magnitude scale (M ww , etc.) reflect different ways of estimating the seismic ...
Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake.They are distinguished from seismic magnitude scales, which measure the magnitude or overall strength of an earthquake, which may, or perhaps may not, cause perceptible shaking.
A series of mixed vertical oscillators A plot of the peak acceleration for the mixed vertical oscillators. A response spectrum is a plot of the peak or steady-state response (displacement, velocity or acceleration) of a series of oscillators of varying natural frequency, that are forced into motion by the same base vibration or shock.
The basis by which the United States Geological Survey (and other agencies) assigns intensities is nominally Wood and Neumann's MM31. However, this is generally interpreted with the modifications summarized by Stover and Coffman because in the decades since 1931, "some criteria are more reliable than others as indicators of the level of ground ...
Ground motion hazard map for Hawaii, based on a 2% probability of exceeding 0.2 second spectral acceleration at 5 Hz in 50 years. Spectral acceleration (SA) is a unit measured in g (the acceleration due to Earth's gravity, equivalent to g-force) that describes the maximum acceleration in an earthquake on an object – specifically a damped, harmonic oscillator moving in one physical dimension.
USGS seismologist Rufus Catchings suggested the intense shaking was localised and most of the city was unharmed. [19] A possible contributing factor for the effect is the local soil condition and topography. The maximum vertical pga recorded at the same station was 1.18 g. [18] Several sites in the valley also recorded pga exceeding 1.0 g. [20]