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Through the separation of individual items, it becomes much easier to retain information, as our short-term memory can be so limiting. Overall, chunking enhances the ability of human memory to retain information. [15] In addition, the recollection of learned information is essential to retaining such material in the long-term. [7]
repetition based on active recall (especially spaced repetition). Forgetting Curve with Spaced Repetition His premise was that each repetition in learning increases the optimum interval before the next repetition is needed (for near-perfect retention, initial repetitions may need to be made within days, but later they can be made after years).
Spaced repetition is a method where the subject is asked to remember a certain fact with the time intervals increasing each time the fact is presented or said. If the subject is able to recall the information correctly the time is doubled to further help them keep the information fresh in their mind to recall in the future.
A modality effect is present in chunking. That is, the mechanism used to convey the list of items to the individual affects how much "chunking" occurs. Experimentally, it has been found that auditory presentation results in a larger amount of grouping in the responses of individuals than visual presentation does. Previous literature, such as George Miller's The Magical Number Seven, Plus or ...
Sensory memory holds information, derived from the senses, less than one second after an item is perceived. The ability to look at an item and remember what it looked like with just a split second of observation, or memorization, is an example of sensory memory. It is out of cognitive control and is an automatic response.
Some individuals “are unable to acquire or retain new information, making it difficult or impossible to meet social, family and work-related obligations.” [50] Because of this, there is a large responsibility placed on caregivers (usually children) [51] to uphold economic and emotional upkeeps. While there are services available for this ...
Source amnesia is the inability to remember where, when or how previously learned information has been acquired, while retaining the factual knowledge. [43] When individuals are unable to remember, false memories can occur and cause great confusion. [44] Korsakoff's syndrome can result from long-term alcoholism or malnutrition.
The decay assumption is usually paired with the idea of rapid covert rehearsal: to retain information for longer, information must be periodically repeated or rehearsed, either by articulating it out loud or by mental simulation. Another type of rehearsal that can improve short-term memory is attention-based rehearsal.