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People v. de la Guerra, 40 Cal. 311 (1870), was a landmark case in the California Supreme Court that upheld the right of Mexicans in California to run for public office on the grounds that the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo granted United States citizenship to all Mexicans residing in California should they want it.
Hispano residents had settled in the areas of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado centuries before. Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States Congress ostensibly guaranteed that current residents would retain their land rights after the New Mexico Territory was transferred to U.S. ownership.
Under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, all Mexicans were granted formal citizenship rights as American citizens, yet widespread dissatisfaction emerged amongst the Mexican Americans. [53] Despite the treaty pledges of full and equal citizenship, rampant discrimination and violence were immediate and widespread. [54]
Menchaca, Martha, The Mexican American Experience in Texas: Citizenship, Segregation, and the Struggle for Equality (U of Texas Press, 2022) Montejano, David. Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas, 1836-1986 (U of Texas Press, 1987) San Miguel, Jr., Guadalupe. "Let All of Them Take Heed" (U of Texas Press, 1987)
Tijerina as a child attended an Assemblies of God institute near El Paso, Texas. In 1957 he fled to New Mexico where he fought for the land he believed belonged to Mexican American's and wanted to convince the federal government to honor the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
In 2015, the United States admitted 157,227 Mexican immigrants, [63] and as of November 2016, 1.31 million Mexicans were on the waiting list to immigrate to the United States through legal means. [64] A 2014 survey showed that 34% of Mexicans would immigrate to the United States if given the opportunity, with 17% saying they would do it ...
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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending the war, was signed February 2, 1848, and California became a territory of the United States. The treaty gave residents one year to choose whether they wanted American or Mexican citizenship; over 90% chose American citizenship, which included full US voting rights.