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Critical thinking is the process of analyzing available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments to make sound conclusions or informed choices. It involves recognizing underlying assumptions, providing justifications for ideas and actions, evaluating these justifications through comparisons with varying perspectives, and assessing their rationality and potential consequences. [1]
[153] [154] But not all forms of cognitively valuable processes involve critical thinking. Arriving at the correct solution to a problem by blindly following the steps of an algorithm does not qualify as critical thinking. The same is true if the solution is presented to the thinker in a sudden flash of insight and accepted straight away. [153]
The cerebral cortex is responsible for analytical thinking in the human brain. Analytical skill is the ability to deconstruct information into smaller categories in order to draw conclusions. [1] Analytical skill consists of categories that include logical reasoning, critical thinking, communication, research, data analysis and creativity.
Computational thinking – Set of problem-solving methods; Convergent thinking – Ability to answer questions correctly without the need for novel ideas; Counterfactual thinking – Concept in psychology; Critical thinking – Analysis of facts to form a judgment; Data thinking – Data thinking integrates data science into the design process.
Praxis may be described as a form of critical thinking and comprises the combination of reflection and action. Praxis can be viewed as a progression of cognitive and physical actions: Taking the action; Considering the impacts of the action; Analysing the results of the action by reflecting upon it
Human intelligence is the intellectual power of humans, which is marked by complex cognitive feats and high levels of motivation and self-awareness. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] Intelligence enables humans to remember descriptions of things and use those descriptions in future behaviors.
Problematization is a critical thinking and pedagogical dialogue or process and may be considered demythicisation. Rather than taking the common knowledge of a situation for granted, problematization poses that knowledge as a problem, allowing new viewpoints, consciousness, reflection, hope, and action to emerge. [1]
Despite the ongoing debate about the cognitive processes involved in human reasoning, recent research has shown that multiple approaches can be useful in modeling human thinking. For instance, studies have found that people's reasoning is often influenced by their prior beliefs, which can be modeled using Bayesian probability theory. [21]