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  2. Euclidean geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_geometry

    Since non-Euclidean geometry is provably relatively consistent with Euclidean geometry, the parallel postulate cannot be proved from the other postulates. In the 19th century, it was also realized that Euclid's ten axioms and common notions do not suffice to prove all of the theorems stated in the Elements. For example, Euclid assumed ...

  3. Euclid's Elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid's_Elements

    It is a collection of definitions, postulates, propositions (theorems and constructions), and mathematical proofs of the propositions. The books cover plane and solid Euclidean geometry, elementary number theory, and incommensurable lines. Elements is the oldest extant large-scale deductive treatment of mathematics.

  4. List of theorems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_theorems

    Intercept theorem (Euclidean geometry) Intersecting chords theorem (Euclidean geometry) Intersecting secants theorem (Euclidean geometry) Intersection theorem (projective geometry) Inverse eigenvalues theorem (linear algebra) Inverse function theorem (vector calculus) Ionescu-Tulcea theorem (probability theory) Isomorphism extension theorem ...

  5. Tarski's axioms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarski's_axioms

    Tarski's axioms are an axiom system for Euclidean geometry, specifically for that portion of Euclidean geometry that is formulable in first-order logic with identity (i.e. is formulable as an elementary theory). As such, it does not require an underlying set theory. The only primitive objects of the system are "points" and the only primitive ...

  6. Straightedge and compass construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straightedge_and_compass...

    However, by the compass equivalence theorem in Proposition 2 of Book 1 of Euclid's Elements, no power is lost by using a collapsing compass. Although the proposition is correct, its proofs have a long and checkered history. [1] In any case, the equivalence is why this feature is not stipulated in the definition of the ideal compass.

  7. Generalized trigonometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_trigonometry

    Ordinary trigonometry studies triangles in the Euclidean plane ⁠ ⁠.There are a number of ways of defining the ordinary Euclidean geometric trigonometric functions on real numbers, for example right-angled triangle definitions, unit circle definitions, series definitions [broken anchor], definitions via differential equations [broken anchor], and definitions using functional equations.

  8. Pythagorean theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem

    In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle.It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides.

  9. Van Hiele model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Hiele_model

    The object of thought is deductive reasoning (simple proofs), which the student learns to combine to form a system of formal proofs (Euclidean geometry). Learners can construct geometric proofs at a secondary school level and understand their meaning. They understand the role of undefined terms, definitions, axioms and theorems in

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