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Loafing is defined as "students who don't take responsibility for their own role, even if it is the smallest role in the group." [55] Students expect that group based learning will be fair for everyone within the group. In order for cooperative learning to be fair the work load must be shared equally within the group.
The final presentations provide all group members with an understanding of their own material, as well as the findings that have emerged from topic-specific group discussion. The jigsaw technique is a cooperative learning method that brings about both individual accountability and achievement of the team goals. [ 5 ]
David Johnson, Deutsch's student in the study of social psychology, with his brother Roger Johnson, a science educator, and their sister, educator Edye Johnson Holubec, further developed positive interdependence theory as part of their research and work in teacher and professional training at the Cooperative Learning Center at the University of Minnesota (founded in 1969).
Collaborative learning is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together. [1] Unlike individual learning, people engaged in collaborative learning capitalize on one another's resources and skills (asking one another for information, evaluating one another's ideas, monitoring one another's work, etc.).
Group has greater information resources than individuals do; Group has to employ a greater number of creative problem-solving methods; Group members gain a better understanding of themselves as they interact with each other. Working in a group foster learning and comprehension of idea discussed. [6]
Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is a pedagogical approach wherein learning takes place via social interaction using a computer or through the Internet. This kind of learning is characterized by the sharing and construction of knowledge among participants using technology as their primary means of communication or as a common resource. [1]
Reciprocal teaching is an amalgamation of reading strategies that effective readers are thought to use. As stated by Pilonieta and Medina in their article "Reciprocal Teaching for the Primary Grades: We Can Do It, Too!", previous research conducted by Kincade and Beach (1996 ) indicates that proficient readers use specific comprehension strategies in their reading tasks, while poor readers do ...
Another important area of research is the group allocation method or make up of the group, and the possible benefits of multicultural, different skills, or educational attainment. [ 8 ] Group size can also effect the way small group share and learning together, for instance a size of group over 7 tends to split into smaller groups, and may need ...