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Causes: Clostridioides difficile spread by the fecal-oral route [2] Risk factors: Antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, hospitalization, other health problems, older age [1] Diagnostic method: Stool culture, testing for the bacteria's DNA or toxins [1] Prevention: Hand washing, terminal room cleaning in hospital [2] Treatment
The source of infection is from objects which have been contaminated with fecal matter containing eggs. [2] Ingestion of infective eggs from soil contaminated with human feces or contaminated vegetables and water is the primary route of infection. Infectious eggs may occur on other objects such as hands, money and furniture. [2]
Common infection causes include: sexual intercourse with someone who has a sexually transmitted disease (STD), infection from a foodborne illness, and strep throat (in children). [22] Proctitis may also be caused by some types of inflammatory bowel disease, radiation therapy, injury to the rectum or anus, or some types of antibiotic.
Clostridioides difficile (syn. Clostridium difficile) is a bacterium known for causing serious diarrheal infections, and may also cause colon cancer. [4] [5] It is known also as C. difficile, or C. diff (/ s iː d ɪ f /), and is a Gram-positive species of spore-forming bacteria. [6]
Other causes of incomplete evacuation include non-emptying defects like a rectocele. Straining to defecate pushes stool into the rectocele, which acts like a diverticulum and causes stool sequestration. Once the voluntary attempt to defecate, albeit dysfunctional, is finished, the voluntary muscles relax, and residual rectal contents are then ...
This can cause elevated physical temperature, painful spasms of the intestinal muscles , swelling due to fluid leaking from capillaries of the intestine and further tissue damage by the body's immune cells and the chemicals, called cytokines, which are released to fight the infection. The result can be impaired nutrient absorption, excessive ...
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Asymptomatic human infections are usually diagnosed by finding cysts shed in the stool. Various flotation or sedimentation procedures have been developed to recover the cysts from fecal matter and stains help to visualize the isolated cysts for microscopic examination.