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  2. Process identifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_identifier

    In computing, the process identifier (a.k.a. process ID or PID) is a number used by most operating system kernels—such as those of Unix, macOS and Windows—to uniquely identify an active process. This number may be used as a parameter in various function calls, allowing processes to be manipulated, such as adjusting the process's priority or ...

  3. pstree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pstree

    pstree is a Linux command that shows the running processes as a tree [1] [2] [3]. It is used as a more visual alternative to the ps command. The root of the tree is either init or the process with the given pid. It can also be installed in other Unix systems. In BSD systems, a similar output is created using ps -d, in Linux ps axjf [4] produces ...

  4. Linux namespaces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_namespaces

    The first process created in a PID namespace is assigned the process ID number 1 and receives most of the same special treatment as the normal init process, most notably that orphaned processes within the namespace are attached to it. This also means that the termination of this PID 1 process will immediately terminate all processes in its PID ...

  5. Process control block - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_control_block

    The process id is particularly relevant since it is often used to cross-reference the tables defined above, e.g. showing which process is using which I/O devices, or memory areas. Process state data define the status of a process when it is suspended, allowing the OS to restart it later. This always includes the content of general-purpose CPU ...

  6. Parent process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parent_process

    Instead, the system simply redefines the "parent PID" field in the child process's data to be the process that is the "ancestor" of every other process in the system, whose PID generally has the value of 1 (one), and whose name is traditionally "init" (except in the Linux kernel 3.4 and above [more info below]).

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  8. cgroups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cgroups

    For example, a PID namespace provides a separate enumeration of process identifiers within each namespace. Also available are mount, user, UTS (Unix Time Sharing), network and SysV IPC namespaces. The PID namespace provides isolation for the allocation of process identifiers (PIDs), lists of processes and their details. While the new namespace ...

  9. exec (system call) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exec_(system_call)

    The argument specifies the path name of the file to execute as the new process image. Arguments beginning at arg0 are pointers to arguments to be passed to the new process image. The argv value is an array of pointers to arguments. arg0. The first argument arg0 should be the name of the executable file.