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Laterite gold deposits are formed from pre-existing gold deposits (including some placer deposits) during prolonged weathering of the bedrock. Gold is deposited within iron oxides in the weathered rock or regolith, and may be further enriched by reworking by erosion. Some laterite deposits are formed by wind erosion of the bedrock leaving a ...
Deep sea mining is the extraction of minerals from the seabed of the deep sea. The main ores of commercial interest are polymetallic nodules , which are found at depths of 4–6 km (2.5–3.7 mi) primarily on the abyssal plain .
In situ gold-bearing vein (in brown) at the Toi gold mine, Japan. In many gold mines exploited during the gold rushes of the 19th century, vein material alone was typically sought as ore material. [8] In most of today's mines, ore material is primarily composed of the veins and some component of the wall rocks which surrounds the veins. [9]
Gold extraction is the extraction of gold from dilute ores using a combination of chemical processes. Gold mining produces about 3600 tons annually, [1] and another 300 tons is produced from recycling. [2] Since the 20th century, gold has been principally extracted in a cyanide process by leaching the ore with cyanide solution.
There are two principal phases of underground mining: development mining and production mining. Development mining is composed of excavation almost entirely in (non-valuable) waste rock in order to gain access to the orebody. There are six steps in development mining: remove previously blasted material (muck out round), scaling (removing any unstable slabs of rock hanging from the roof and ...
The ocean reservoir contains an estimated 5.6x10 9 Mg of gold and oceanic gold concentration is about 4 ng Au/L with higher values in some coastal waters. [1] Au(I/III)-ions and Au(0)-colloids are unstable under surface conditions in aqueous solutions and commonly form ligand complexes with substances excreted by microorganisms. [3]
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Gold cyanidation (also known as the cyanide process or the MacArthur–Forrest process) is a hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore through conversion to a water-soluble coordination complex. It is the most commonly used leaching process for gold extraction. [1]