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The void volume includes any particles too large to enter the medium, and the solvent volume is known as the column volume. Following are the materials which are commonly used for porous gel beads in size exclusion chromatography [ 20 ]
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in geology, civil engineering, [1] and chemical engineering [2] to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of material that is stopped by each sieve as a fraction ...
Typical apparatus disperses the sample in liquid, then measures the density of the column at timed intervals. Other techniques determine the optical density of successive layers using visible light or x-rays. Advantages: this technique determines particle size as a function of settling velocity.
The volume of a CSTR necessary to achieve a certain conversion at a given flow rate is equal to the area of the rectangle with height equal to and width equal to . The volume of a PFR necessary to achieve a certain conversion at a given flow rate is equal to the area under the curve of F A o − r A {\displaystyle F_{Ao} \over -r_{A}} plotted ...
The R-Value test [1] measures the response of a compacted sample of soil or aggregate to a vertically applied pressure under specific conditions. This test is used by Caltrans for pavement design, replacing the California bearing ratio test. Many other agencies have adopted the California pavement design method, and specify R-Value testing for ...
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.
Particle size is a notion introduced for comparing dimensions of solid particles (), liquid particles (), or gaseous particles ().The notion of particle size applies to particles in colloids, in ecology, in granular material (whether airborne or not), and to particles that form a granular material (see also grain size).
Particle size analyzers are used also in biology to measure protein aggregation. Particle size distribution of antiviral vaccines subjected to cold-chain disruptions, analyzed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) DLS is a particularly appreciated technique for the characterization of nanoparticles designed for drug delivery, such as vaccines.