Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Cerebral edema is a potentially life-threatening complication of severely decreased sodium ion concentration in the blood (hyponatremia). [17] Ionic brain edema can also occur around the sites of brain hemorrhages, infarcts, or contusions due to a local plasma osmolality pressure gradient when compared to the high osmolality in the affected tissue.
An intraparenchymal bleed (bottom arrow) with surrounding edema (top arrow) Pediatric stroke is a stroke that occurs in children or adolescents. Stroke affects an estimated 2.5 to 13 per 100,000 children annually. [1] The signs and symptoms of stroke in children, infants, and newborns are different from those in adults.
An increase in pressure, most commonly due to head injury leading to intracranial hematoma or cerebral edema, can crush brain tissue, shift brain structures, contribute to hydrocephalus, cause brain herniation, and restrict blood supply to the brain. [13] It is a cause of reflex bradycardia. [14]
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE), previously known as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (neonatal HIE or NHIE), is defined as a encephalopathy syndrome with signs and symptoms of abnormal neurological function, in the first few days of life in an infant born after 35 weeks of gestation.
Hydrocephalus is a condition in which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up within the brain. [1] This typically causes increased pressure inside the skull.Older people may have headaches, double vision, poor balance, urinary incontinence, personality changes, or mental impairment.
Clinical signs of cerebral edema, such as focal neurological deficits, papilledema [5] and decreased level of consciousness, if temporally associated with recent hemodialysis, suggest the diagnosis. A computed tomography of the head is typically done to rule-out other intracranial causes.
Younger children or infants may present with irritability, poor appetite and fever. [7] Neurological examinations usually reveal a drowsy or confused person. Stiff neck , due to the irritation of the meninges covering the brain, indicates that the patient has either meningitis or meningoencephalitis .
The three forms of cerebral edema all lead to increased intracranial pressure; together with the lowered blood pressure often encountered in sepsis, this means that it is harder for blood to enter the brain; consequently brain cells are deprived of oxygen and undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).