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The four-sides model (also known as communication square or four-ears model) is a communication model postulated in 1981 by German psychologist Friedemann Schulz von Thun. According to this model every message has four facets though not the same emphasis might be put on each.
Communication usually happens between distinct entities. Intrapersonal communication is an exception where the same person acts as source and receiver. [15] Berlo discusses several aspects of sender and receiver that affect communication. He organizes them into four categories: communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, and social-cultural ...
Communication is not an individual experience it is an inherently social phenomenon. [5] [23] Meaning is an ongoing, updating, and always social process. Premise 4 is that the agent of action (both human and non-human) remains an open question. CCO theory embraces the ability of artifacts to shape the actions of members of the organization.
Communication theorist Robert Craig sees the difference in the fact that models primarily represent communication while theories additionally explain it. [12] According to Frank Dance, there is no one fully comprehensive model of communication since each one highlights only certain aspects and distorts others.
Message design logic is a communication theory that makes the claim that individuals possess implicit theories of communication within themselves, called message design logics. [1] Referred to as a “theory of theories,” Message Design Logic offers three different fundamental premises in reasoning about communication . [ 2 ]
Uses and gratifications theory was developed from a number of prior communication theories and research conducted by fellow theorists. The theory has a heuristic value because it gives communication scholars a "perspective through which a number of ideas and theories about media choice, consumption, and even impact can be viewed".
Examples involving unspoken rules include unwritten and unofficial organizational hierarchies, organizational culture, and acceptable behavioral norms governing interactions between organizational members. These rules typically align with the behaviors of the local majority group and seem normal to them, but can be obscure, invisible, and ...
Since the introduction of co-cultural theory in "Laying the foundation for co-cultural communication theory: An inductive approach to studying "non-dominant" communication strategies and the factors that influence them" (1996), Orbe has published two works describing the theory and its use as well as several studies on communication patterns and strategies based on different co-cultural groups.