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The specific heat capacities of iron, granite, and hydrogen gas are about 449 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, 790 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, and 14300 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, respectively. [4] While the substance is undergoing a phase transition , such as melting or boiling, its specific heat capacity is technically undefined, because the heat goes into ...
Potential energy with respect to gravity, close to Earth, per unit mass: gh, where g is the acceleration due to gravity (standardized as ≈9.8 m/s 2) and h is the height above the reference level (giving J/kg when g is in m/s 2 and h is in m).
(2) 4.18 J/(g⋅K) × 20 K = 4.18 kJ/(kg⋅K) × 20 K = 83.6 kJ for 1 kg of water to increase in temperature by 20 K (1 + 2) 333.55 kJ + 83.6 kJ = 417.15 kJ for 1 kg of ice to increase in temperature by 20 K; Silicon has a heat of fusion of 50.21 kJ/mol. 50 kW of power can supply the energy required to melt about 100 kg of silicon in one hour ...
TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion.The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by convention to be 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie), [1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT.
Average daily variation in human body temperature. Many physical processes are related to temperature; some of them are given below: the physical properties of materials including the phase (solid, liquid, gaseous or plasma), density, solubility, vapor pressure, electrical conductivity, hardness, wear resistance, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, strength
A typical turbocharged V8 diesel engine might have an engine power of 250 kW (340 hp) and a mass of 380 kg (840 lb), [1] giving it a power-to-weight ratio of 0.65 kW/kg (0.40 hp/lb). Examples of high power-to-weight ratios can often be found in turbines.
In addition, burning biomass still produces carbon emissions, although much less than fossil fuels (39 grams of CO 2 per megajoule of energy, compared to 75 g/MJ for fossil fuels). [107] Some biomass sources are unsustainable at current rates of exploitation (as of 2017). [108] A CHP power station using wood to supply 30,000 households in France
The symmetry of a carbon dioxide molecule is linear and centrosymmetric at its equilibrium geometry. The length of the carbon–oxygen bond in carbon dioxide is 116.3 pm, noticeably shorter than the roughly 140 pm length of a typical single C–O bond, and shorter than most other C–O multiply bonded functional groups such as carbonyls. [19]