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In statistics, the Jarque–Bera test is a goodness-of-fit test of whether sample data have the skewness and kurtosis matching a normal distribution. The test is named after Carlos Jarque and Anil K. Bera. The test statistic is always nonnegative. If it is far from zero, it signals the data do not have a normal distribution.
These quantities consistently estimate the theoretical skewness and kurtosis of the distribution, respectively. Moreover, if the sample indeed comes from a normal population, then the exact finite sample distributions of the skewness and kurtosis can themselves be analysed in terms of their means μ 1, variances μ 2, skewnesses γ 1, and ...
Larger kurtosis indicates a more serious outlier problem, and may lead the researcher to choose alternative statistical methods. D'Agostino's K-squared test is a goodness-of-fit normality test based on a combination of the sample skewness and sample kurtosis, as is the Jarque–Bera test for normality.
The Jarque–Bera test is itself derived from skewness and kurtosis estimates. Mardia's multivariate skewness and kurtosis tests generalize the moment tests to the multivariate case. [7] Other early test statistics include the ratio of the mean absolute deviation to the standard deviation and of the range to the standard deviation. [8]
The first two population distribution parameters and are usually characterized as location and scale parameters, while the remaining parameter(s), if any, are characterized as shape parameters, e.g. skewness and kurtosis parameters, although the model may be applied more generally to the parameters of any population distribution with up to four ...
Normal probability plot of a sample from a right-skewed distribution – it has an inverted C shape. Histogram of a sample from a right-skewed distribution – it looks unimodal and skewed right. This is a sample of size 50 from a uniform distribution, plotted as both a histogram, and a normal probability plot.
When the smaller values tend to be farther away from the mean than the larger values, one has a skew distribution to the left (i.e. there is negative skewness), one may for example select the square-normal distribution (i.e. the normal distribution applied to the square of the data values), [1] the inverted (mirrored) Gumbel distribution, [1 ...
where is the beta function, is the location parameter, > is the scale parameter, < < is the skewness parameter, and > and > are the parameters that control the kurtosis. and are not parameters, but functions of the other parameters that are used here to scale or shift the distribution appropriately to match the various parameterizations of this distribution.