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Map of Greater Indonesia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, and East Timor. Greater Indonesia (Indonesian: Indonesia Raya) was an irredentist political concept that sought to bring the so-called Malay race together, by uniting the territories of the Dutch East Indies (and Portuguese Timor) with British Malaya and British Borneo. [1]
The Malayan Union (Malay: Kesatuan Malaya; Jawi: كساتوان مالايا) was a union of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. It was the successor to British Malaya and was conceived to unify the Malay Peninsula under a single government to simplify administration.
To resolve the dispute the would-be member states of Malaysia met representatives of Indonesia and the Philippines in Manila for several days, starting on 30 July 1963. Just days before the summit, on 27 July 1963, Sukarno had continued his inflammatory rhetoric, declaring that he was going to "crush Malaysia" (Indonesian: Ganyang Malaysia).
[2] [8] In 1963, the Federation was reconstituted as "Malaysia" when it federated with the British territories of Singapore, Sarawak, and North Borneo; a claim to the latter territory was maintained by the Philippines. [9] [10] Singapore separated from Malaysia to become an independent republic on 9 August 1965. [11]
In 1983, the two breakaway factions merged to form the short-lived Communist Party of Malaysia, which surrendered in 1987. In 1989, the CPM itself finally laid down its arms. On 2 December, at the town of Had Yai in Southern Thailand, Chin Peng, Rashid Maidin, and Abdullah CD met with representatives of the Malaysian and Thai governments.
Groups such as the Kesatuan Melayu Singapura, while advocating self- strengthening within the Malayan community, for instance by purchasing land for Malay reservations in 1928, or by pooling funds to send Malays to Oxford and Cambridge in order to ensure the continued preeminence of Malays in the administration of British Malaya, did not ...
Although Malaya was effectively governed by the British, the Malays held de jure sovereignty over Malaya. A former British High Commissioner, Hugh Clifford, urged "everyone in this country [to] be mindful of the fact that this is a Malay country, and we British came here at the invitation of Their Highnesses the Malay Rulers, and it is our duty to help the Malays to rule their own country."
Malaysia withdrew its ambassadors in response, and asked Thailand to represent Malaysia in both countries. [ 196 ] Indonesian President Sukarno , backed by the powerful Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), regarded Malaysia as a "neocolonialist" plot against his country, and backed a Communist insurgency in Sarawak, mainly involving elements of ...