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Episodes of vasovagal syncope are typically recurrent and usually occur when the predisposed person is exposed to a specific trigger. Before losing consciousness, the individual frequently experiences early signs or symptoms such as lightheadedness, nausea, the feeling of being extremely hot or cold (accompanied by sweating), ringing in the ears, an uncomfortable feeling in the heart, fuzzy ...
Reflex anoxic seizures are a particular type of anoxic seizure, most commonly seen in young children in whom an anoxic seizure or syncope is provoked or precipitated by a noxious stimulus (hence "reflex"). Various precipitants have been identified, but the most common is an unexpected bump to the head.
Syncope ((syncope ⓘ), commonly known as fainting or passing out, is a loss of consciousness and muscle strength characterized by a fast onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery. [1] It is caused by a decrease in blood flow to the brain , typically from low blood pressure . [ 1 ]
Reflex seizures can be either generalized or focal seizures or both. [2] However, for any given stimulus there may be a large variation in the kind of elicited seizure. For example, reading epilepsy may cause myoclonic jerks in the jaw or may cause focal seizures in the regions of the brain responsible for reading. [2]
Systemic infection with high fever is a common cause of seizures, especially in children. [3] [25] These are called febrile seizures and occur in 2–5% of children between the ages of six months and five years. [26] [25] Acute infection of the brain, such as encephalitis or meningitis are also causes of seizures. [3]
When used on its own, the term seizure usually refers to an epileptic seizure. The lay use of this word can also include sudden attacks of illness, loss of control, spasm or stroke. [ 4 ] Where the physician is uncertain as to the diagnosis, the medical term paroxysmal event and the lay terms spells , funny turns or attacks may be used.
On average, it takes seven years to receive a proper diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of PNES firstly involves ruling out epilepsy as the cause of the seizure episodes, along with other organic causes of non-epileptic seizures, including syncope, migraine, vertigo, anoxia, hypoglycemia, and stroke.
A simple febrile seizure is generalized, occurs singularly, and lasts less than 15 minutes. [19] A complex febrile seizure can be focused in an area of the body, occur more than once, and lasts for more than 15 minutes. [19] Febrile seizures affect 2–4% of children in the United States and Western Europe, it is the most common childhood ...
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