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English: This is a PDF file of the Mandarin Chinese Wikibook, edited to include only the Introduction, Pronunciation and complete or somewhat complete lessons (Lessons 1-6). Does not include the Appendices, Stroke Order pages, or the Traditional character pages.
The Yale romanization of Mandarin is a system for transcribing the sounds of Standard Chinese, based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. [1] It was devised in 1943 by the Yale sinologist George Kennedy for a course teaching Chinese to American soldiers, and was popularized by continued development of that course at Yale.
Courteous Language (客套語; Kètàoyǔ), which employs praising and laudatory words or phrases with the intent to flatter the addressee. Elegant Language (雅語; Yáyǔ), which employs elegant and beautiful expressions and words in lieu of more casual words and phrases to describe people, objects, actions or concepts.
"row" — objects which form lines (words 詞 / 词, etc.); occupations in a field (idiom, spoken language); 行 could also be pronounced as xíng, see below. 盒: hé hap6: hap6 objects in a small "box" or case (e.g. mooncakes, tapes) 戶 / 户: 户: hù wu6: wu6 households (户 is common in handwritten Traditional Chinese) — household ...
Jiayou in Standard Mandarin or Gayau in Cantonese (Chinese: 加油) is a ubiquitous Chinese expression of encouragement and support. The phrase is commonly used at sporting events and competitions by groups as a rallying cheer and can also be used at a personal level as a motivating phrase to the partner in the conversation.
[11] [12] It is colloquially referred to as simply Mandarin, [13] though this term may also refer to the Mandarin dialect group as a whole, or the late imperial form used as a lingua franca. [14] [15] [16] [13] "Mandarin" is a translation of Guanhua (官話; 官话; 'bureaucrat speech'), [17] which referred to the late imperial lingua franca. [18]
His Spanish-language Vocabulario de la lengua Mandarina was published in 1682 and his Arte de la lengua mandarina, published in 1703, is the earliest known published Chinese grammar. [ 6 ] Later on, many linguistically comprehensive systems were made by the Protestants, such as that used for Robert Morrison 's dictionary and the Legge ...
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