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Prior to the Han dynasty, markets close to China's northern border engaged in trade with the nomadic tribes of the eastern Eurasian Steppe. [122] The heqin agreement between the Han and nomadic Xiongnu stipulated the transfer of tributary goods from China.
Between the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty, as well as between the later Eastern Roman Empire and various successive Chinese dynasties, there were (primarily indirect) contacts and flows of trade goods, information, and occasional travelers between.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 January 2025. Imperial dynasty in China (202 BC – 220 AD) "Eastern Han" and "House of Liu" redirect here. For the Five Dynasties-era kingdom, see Northern Han. For other uses, see House of Liu (disambiguation). Han 漢 202 BC – 9 AD; 25–220 AD (9–23 AD: Xin) The Western Han dynasty in 2 AD ...
During the Western Han, grave goods were usually wares and pieces of art that were used by the tomb occupant when he or she was alive. [257] By the Eastern Han, new stylistic goods, wares, and artwork found in tombs were usually made exclusively for burial and were not produced for previous use by the deceased when they were alive. [257]
The Buyeo elites also sought this arrangement as it legitimized their rule and gave them better access to Han's prestige trade goods. [29] During a period of turmoil in China's northeast, Buyeo attacked some of Eastern Han's holdings in 111, but relations were mended in 120 and thus a military alliance was arranged.
A Roman fresco from Pompeii, 1st century AD, depicting a Maenad in silk dress, Naples National Archaeological Museum; silks came from the Han dynasty of China along the Silk Road, a valuable trade commodity in the Roman empire, whereas Roman glasswares made their way to Han China via land and sea.
Sycees were first used as a medium for exchange as early as the Qin dynasty (3rd century BC). During the Western Han dynasty (206 BC – 9 AD), the Wu Zhu bronze coins became the main currency in circulation, while hoof-shaped gold ingot known as "Horse Hoof Gold" (Chinese: 馬蹄金) served as an adjunct currency for high-value transactions.
A painting of a gentry scholar with two courtesans, by Tang Yin, c. 1500. The four occupations (simplified Chinese: 士农工商; traditional Chinese: 士農工商; pinyin: Shì nóng gōng shāng), or "four categories of the people" (Chinese: 四民; pinyin: sì mín), [1] [2] was an occupation classification used in ancient China by either Confucian or Legalist scholars as far back as the ...