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Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
For 6/6 = 1.0 acuity, the size of a letter on the Snellen chart or Landolt C chart is a visual angle of 5 arc minutes (1 arc min = 1/60 of a degree), which is a 43 point font at 20 feet. [10] By the design of a typical optotype (like a Snellen E or a Landolt C), the critical gap that needs to be resolved is 1/5 this value, i.e., 1 arc min.
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) are abnormalities of the blood vessels that supply the retina of the eye, a sign of diabetic retinopathy. [1] IRMA can be difficult to distinguish from and is likely a precursor to retinal neovascularization. One way to distinguish IRMA from retinal neovascularization is to perform fluorescein ...
Referred to as a form of retinal myopathies, cotton wools spots are commonly found to be a secondary manifestation to diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and AIDS. [1] Cotton wool spots have become one of the hallmarks of pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, a condition caused by damaged blood vessels in the retina due to high blood sugar ...
System: Eye and visual system: Significant diseases: Cataract, retinal disease (including diabetic retinopathy and other types of retinopathy), glaucoma, corneal disease, eyelid and orbital disorders, uveitis, strabismus and disorders of the ocular muscles, ocular neoplasms (malignancies, or cancers, and benign eye tumors), neuro-ophthalmologic disorders (including disorders of the optic nerve)
Diabetic encephalopathy, Diabetes causes brain functional and structural disturbances, known as diabetic encephalopathy. [30] Various mechanisms are proposed, like alterations to the vascular supply of the brain, or changes in cerebral function and structure, including cognitive impairment, cerebral signal conduction, neurotransmission, and ...
The term "optometry" comes from the Greek words ὄψις (opsis; "view") and μέτρον (metron; "something used to measure", "measure", "rule").The word entered the language when the instrument for measuring vision was called an optometer, (before the terms phoropter or refractor were used).
Diabetic angiopathy is a form of angiopathy associated with diabetic complications. [1] While not exclusive, the two most common forms are diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy, whose pathophysiologies are largely identical. Other forms of diabetic angiopathy include diabetic neuropathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy. [2] [3]