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  2. Chomsky hierarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomsky_hierarchy

    The Chomsky hierarchy in the fields of formal language theory, computer science, and linguistics, is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars. A formal grammar describes how to form strings from a language's vocabulary (or alphabet) that are valid according to the language's syntax. The linguist Noam Chomsky theorized that four ...

  3. English grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

    English grammar is the set of structural rules of the English language.This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and whole texts.. This article describes a generalized, present-day Standard English – forms of speech and writing used in public discourse, including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news, over a range of registers, from formal to ...

  4. Ferdinand de Saussure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure

    Ferdinand de Saussure (/ s oʊ ˈ sj ʊər /; [2] French: [fɛʁdinɑ̃ də sosyʁ]; 26 November 1857 – 22 February 1913) was a Swiss linguist, semiotician and philosopher.His ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in both linguistics and semiotics in the 20th century.

  5. History of English grammars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_English_grammars

    History of English grammars. The history of English grammars[1][2] begins late in the sixteenth century with the Pamphlet for Grammar by William Bullokar. In the early works, the structure and rules of English grammar were based on those of Latin. A more modern approach, incorporating phonology, was introduced in the nineteenth century.

  6. Theories of second-language acquisition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_second...

    The 1990s also saw the introduction of sociocultural theory, an approach to explain second-language acquisition in terms of the social environment of the learner. [2] In the 2000s research was focused on much the same areas as in the 1990s, with research split into two main camps of linguistic and psychological approaches.

  7. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cambridge_Grammar_of...

    46641801. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (CamGEL[n 1]) is a descriptive grammar of the English language. Its primary authors are Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum. Huddleston was the only author to work on every chapter. It was published by Cambridge University Press in 2002 and has been cited more than 8,000 times.

  8. Michael Halliday - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Halliday

    Michael Alexander Kirkwood Halliday (often M. A. K. Halliday; 13 April 1925 – 15 April 2018) was a British linguist who developed the internationally influential systemic functional linguistics (SFL) model of language. His grammatical descriptions go by the name of systemic functional grammar. [ 1 ] Halliday described language as a semiotic ...

  9. Second-language acquisition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-language_acquisition

    Second-language acquisition(SLA), sometimes called second-language learning—otherwise referred to as L2(language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process. This involves learning an additional language after the first ...