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Epicurus(/ˌɛpɪˈkjʊərəs/, EH-pih-KURE-əs;[2]Greek: ἘπίκουροςEpikouros; 341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopherand sagewho founded Epicureanism, a highly influential school of philosophy. He was born on the Greekisland of Samosto Athenianparents. Influenced by Democritus, Aristippus, Pyrrho,[3]and possibly the Cynics, he ...
Roman Epicurusbust. Epicureanismis a system of philosophyfounded around 307 BCEbased upon the teachings of Epicurus, an ancient Greek philosopher. Epicurus was an atomistand materialist, following in the steps of Democritus. His materialism led him to religious skepticismand a general attack on superstition and divine intervention.
Epicurus identified eudaimonia with the life of pleasure. Epicurus' ethical theory is hedonistic. His views were very influential for the founders and best proponents of utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Hedonism is the view that pleasure is the only intrinsic good and that pain is the only intrinsic bad.
Utilitarianism is a version of consequentialism, which states that the consequences of any action are the only standard of right and wrong. Unlike other forms of consequentialism, such as egoism and altruism, utilitarianism considers either the interests of all humanity or all sentient beings equally.
Principal Doctrines. The Principal Doctrines (Kyriai doxai, sometimes Kyriai doxiai) are forty authoritative conclusions set up as official doctrines by the founders of Epicureanism: Epicurus of Samos, Metrodorus of Lampsacus, Hermarchus of Mitilene and Polyaenus of Lampsacus. The first four doctrines make up the Tetrapharmakos (Four Cures ...
Hedonism. The felicific calculus is an algorithm formulated by utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) for calculating the degree or amount of pleasure that a specific action is likely to induce. Bentham, an ethical hedonist, believed the moral rightness or wrongness of an action to be a function of the amount of pleasure or pain ...
Responses to the problem of evil have traditionally been in three types: refutations, defenses, and theodicies. The problem of evil is generally formulated in two forms: the logical problem of evil and the evidential problem of evil. The logical form of the argument tries to show a logical impossibility in the coexistence of a god and evil, [ 2 ...
v. t. e. Hellenistic philosophy is Ancient Greek philosophy corresponding to the Hellenistic period in Ancient Greece, from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC to the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. [1] The dominant schools of this period were the Stoics, the Epicureans and the Skeptics. [2]