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The principle is found in Babylonian Law. [7] [8] If it is surmised that in societies not bound by the rule of law, if a person was hurt, then the injured person (or their relative) would take vengeful retribution on the person who caused the injury. The retribution might be worse than the crime, perhaps even death.
Code of Hammurabi at Wikisource. The Code of Hammurabi is a Babylonian legal text composed during 1755–1750 BC. It is the longest, best-organized, and best-preserved legal text from the ancient Near East. It is written in the Old Babylonian dialect of Akkadian, purportedly by Hammurabi, sixth king of the First Dynasty of Babylon.
Hammurabi (/ ˌxæmʊˈrɑːbi /; Old Babylonian Akkadian: 𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉, romanized:Ḫâmmurapi; [ a ]c.1810 – c. 1750 BC), also spelled Hammurapi, [ 3 ][ 4 ] was the sixth Amorite king of the Old Babylonian Empire, reigning from c.1792 to c.1750 BC. He was preceded by his father, Sin-Muballit, who abdicated due to failing health.
Babylonian law is a subset of cuneiform law that has received particular study due to the large amount of archaeological material that has been found for it. So-called "contracts" exist in the thousands, including a great variety of deeds, conveyances, bonds, receipts, accounts, and most important of all, actual legal decisions given by the judges in the law courts.
The Code of Ur-Nammu is the oldest known law code surviving today. It is from Mesopotamia and is written on tablets, in the Sumerian language c. 2100–2050 BCE. It contains strong statements of royal power like "I eliminated enmity, violence, and cries for justice." [1]
e. The siege of Jerusalem (c. 589–587 BC) was the final event of the Judahite revolts against Babylon, in which Nebuchadnezzar II, king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, besieged Jerusalem, the capital city of the Kingdom of Judah. Jerusalem fell after a 30-month siege, following which the Babylonians systematically destroyed the city and Solomon ...
Babylonian Talmud; 2d edition; printed by Daniel Bomberg, Venice. Daniel Bomberg (c. 1483 – c. 1549) was one of the most important early printers of Hebrew books. [1] A Christian Hebraist who employed rabbis, scholars and apostates in his Venice publishing house, Bomberg printed the first Mikraot Gdolot (Rabbinic Bible) and the first complete Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds, based on the ...
t. e. In the philosophy of religion, a theodicy(/θiːˈɒdɪsi/; meaning 'vindication of God', from Ancient Greekθεός theos, "god" and δίκη dikē, "justice") is an argument that attempts to resolve the problem of evilthat arises when all powerand all goodnessare simultaneously ascribed to God. [1]