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Ibn Abi Al-Dunya (208-281 AH) was a hadith scholar, literary historian, and educator. He was renowned for his books on hadith, history, asceticism, heart-softening narratives, and religious admonitions.
Mus'haf of Ali, a Tafseer of the Quran by Imam Ali; Al-Jafr by Imam Ali; Nahj al-Balaghah, a collection of sermons, letters and quotes attributed to Ali; Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim compilation of over ten thousand short sayings of Imam Ali; Al-Sahifa al-Alawiya (Book of Supplications ) by Imam Ali, translated by William Chittick. [1]
[23] [24] Ali thus opposed the caliphate of Abu Bakr, who was hastily elected in the absence of Ali and the rest of Muhammad's kin. [25] Perhaps in the interest of the Muslim unity, [ 22 ] [ 26 ] Ali eventually accepted the temporal rule of the first three caliphs, [ 27 ] but without giving up his claims as the designated successor of Muhammad ...
Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: عَلِيُّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب, romanized: ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib; c. 600–661 CE) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from 656 CE to 661, as well as the first Shia imam.
'exalted aphorisms and pearls of speech') is a large collection of aphorisms attributed to Ali ibn Abi Talib (d. 661), the fourth Rashidun caliph (r. 656–661), the first Shia imam, and the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. This work was compiled by the Muslim scholar Abd al-Wahid al-Amidi (d. 1116).
Muhammad's statement at the Ghadir Khumm, "He whose mawla I am, Ali is his mawla," is known as the hadith of the walaya in Shia Islam. [2] Delivered to a large crowd of pilgrims, [1] shortly after the Farewell Pilgrimage and shortly before his death in 632 CE, the attribution of this statement to Muhammad is rarely contested, even though its interpretation is a source of controversy.
Nahj al-balagha contains sensitive material, such as sharp criticism of the predecessors of Ali, [8] and disapproval of the triumvirate who revolted against Ali in the Battle of the Camel in 656, namely, Talha and Zubayr, who were both senior companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and his widow Aisha.
The Islamicist Laura Veccia Vaglieri (d. 1989) describes Ali as deeply devoted to the cause of Islam, [1] and her view is echoed by some others. [2] [3] The brief caliphate of Ali was thus characterized by his strict justice, as suggested by some authors, including Reza Shah-Kazemi, [4] Wilferd Madelung, [3] Moojan Momen, [2] Mahmoud M. Ayoub (d.