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There are three primary types of plant oil, differing both the means of extracting the relevant parts of the plant, and in the nature of the resulting oil: Vegetable fats and oils were historically extracted by putting part of the plant under pressure, squeezing out the oil. Macerated oils consist of a base oil to which parts of plants are added.
Crop oils are composed primarily of paraffin or naphtha-based petroleum oil and crop oil concentrates are composed of emulsifiable petroleum-based oil. [2] The addition of a surfactant and/or emulsifier is commonly added in order to increase spray dispersal and uptake by both plant and insect hosts in pesticides and herbicides.
Mineral oil is the most used insecticide, both in acrage and in volume. 34,508,857 pounds (15,652,972 kg) of mineral oil was sprayed on 4,543,066 acres (about 1.8 million hectares). 1 to 4% solutions in water are sprayed, which is hundreds of times more than modern synthetic insecticides. Mineral oil is correspondingly cheaper.
The following table shows the vegetable oil yields of common energy crops associated with biodiesel production. Included is growing zone data, relevant to farmers and agricultural scientists. This is unrelated to ethanol production, which relies on starch, sugar and cellulose content instead of oil yields.
Seeds from these plants are noted for their oil content, but little information is available on methods of extracting the oil. In most cases, the plants are grown as food, with dietary use of the oils as a byproduct of using the seeds as food. [45] Bitter gourd oil, from the seeds of Momordica charantia. High in α-Eleostearic acid. Of current ...
The term petroleum refers both to naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil, as well as to petroleum products that consist of refined crude oil. Conventional reserves of petroleum are primarily recovered by drilling , which is done after a study of the relevant structural geology , analysis of the sedimentary basin , and characterization of the ...
Vegetable oil is used for transportation in four different ways: Vegetable oil blends - Mixing vegetable oil with diesel lets users get some of the advantages of burning vegetable oil and is often done with no modification to the vehicle. [4] Biodiesel - Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oil through the process of transesterification ...
Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil as it is processed in oil refineries. Unlike petrochemicals, which are a collection of well-defined usually pure organic compounds, petroleum products are complex mixtures. [1] Most petroleum is converted into petroleum products, which include several classes of fuels. [2]