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Marks come in two varieties, abbreviations and abstract symbols. These are usually handwritten on the paper containing the text. Symbols are interleaved in the text, while abbreviations may be placed in a margin with an arrow pointing to the problematic text.
Q.E.D. or QED is an initialism of the Latin phrase quod erat demonstrandum, meaning "that which was to be demonstrated". Literally, it states "what was to be shown". [1] Traditionally, the abbreviation is placed at the end of mathematical proofs and philosophical arguments in print publications, to indicate that the proof or the argument is ...
Various forms of the end-of-proof symbol In mathematics, the tombstone , halmos , end-of-proof , or Q.E.D. symbol "∎" (or " ") is a symbol used to denote the end of a proof , in place of the traditional abbreviation "Q.E.D." for the Latin phrase " quod erat demonstrandum ".
In American legal academia, the LL.M. was historically conferred after the LL.B. When the LL.B. was displaced by the J.D., the LL.M. metamorphosed functionally from a post-baccalaureate degree into a post-doctoral degree. Bachelor of Civil Law: BCL: An academic, not a professional designation.
o can be mistaken as an a which could read "a.s.", meaning left ear o.u. oculus uterque: both eyes o can be mistaken as an a which could read "a.u.", meaning both ears oz ounce p. perstetur: continue part. æq. partes æquales: equal parts per: per: by or through p.c. post cibum: after meals p.c.h.s., pc&hs post cibum et hora somni: after meals ...
Such citations and abbreviations are found in court decisions, statutes, regulations, journal articles, books, and other documents. Below is a basic list of very common abbreviations. Because publishers adopt different practices regarding how abbreviations are printed, one may find abbreviations with or without periods for each letter.
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
pseudo-blend = an abbreviation whose extra or omitted letters mean that it cannot stand as a true acronym, initialism, or portmanteau (a word formed by combining two or more words). (a) = acronym, e.g.: SARS – (a) severe acute respiratory syndrome (i) = initialism, e.g.: CD – (i) compact disc