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The entire scientific name should be italicized, except where an interpolation is included in or appended to the name. (For details, see § Scientific names.) Named, specific vessels: proper names given to: Ships, with ship prefixes, classification symbols, pennant numbers, and types in normal font: USS Baltimore (CA-68).
This page in a nutshell: Capitalize scientific names above the rank of species, and italicize them from the rank of genus downward.Common (vernacular) names of species and other groupings are lower case except where they contain a proper name.
Use italics for the scientific names of plants, animals, and all other organisms except viruses at the genus level and below (italicize Panthera leo and Retroviridae, but not Felidae). The hybrid sign is not italicized (Rosa × damascena), nor is the "connecting term" required in three-part botanical names (Rosa gallica subsp. officinalis).
The entire scientific name should be italicized. Note that the 'connecting forms' used in infraspecific plant names, the hybrid symbol, and abbreviations such as "cf.", "sp.", etc. are not part of the scientific name and should not be italicized. Thus Cyclamen hederifolium f. albiflorum ("f."
Italics used by convention to indicate a non-English expression, a legal case name, a movie title, a species scientific name, etc., are not emphasis and just take ''...'' markup. Titles of works that should be italicized receive this treatment inside another title.
For example, instead of adding a new section about capital letters, and mentioning scientific names both there and in the section about italics, we should have a section about scientific names where we say that they should be in italics, with the generic name capitalized. Peter Chastain 20:40, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
Starting in a small way from the top of the page, a couple of points that don't sit well with the botanical code of nomenclature: "Capitalize scientific names from subgenus upward, and italicize them from supragenus downward through subspecies." Section and series would also be capitalized, see for example Ex 1 of Article 21.1 Arenaria ser ...
I would like to italicize Cyrillic, in references to academic publications, because the italic is not used as "distinction from the surrounding material", as you phrase it, but to convey meaningful information to the reader of the citation: when we cite a chapter in a book, or an article in a journal, we leave the chapter or article name ...