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Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania / t aɪ ˈ t eɪ n i ə /, is the inorganic compound derived from titanium with the chemical formula TiO 2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. [4] It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear ...
Vanadium tetrachloride and vanadium oxytrichloride codistill with TiCl 4, but these impurities can be removed by chemical reduction. [1]: 13 It can be subsequently oxidized in an oxygen flame or plasma to give the pure titanium dioxide. [1]: 13 [3] [4] TiCl 4 + O 2 + heat → TiO 2 + 2 Cl 2. In this way, chlorine is recovered for recycling.
Titanium is one of the few elements that burns in pure nitrogen gas, reacting at 800 °C (1,470 °F) to form titanium nitride, which causes embrittlement. [29] Because of its high reactivity with oxygen, nitrogen, and many other gases, titanium that is evaporated from filaments is the basis for titanium sublimation pumps , in which titanium ...
They are commonly utilized for their catalytic activity and semiconducting properties. Transition metal oxides are also frequently used as pigments in paints and plastics, most notably titanium dioxide. Transition metal oxides have a wide variety of surface structures which affect the surface energy of these compounds and influence their ...
Titanium tetrachloride is also used to make titanium dioxide, e.g., for use in white paint. [19] It is widely used in organic chemistry as a Lewis acid, for example in the Mukaiyama aldol condensation. [20] In the van Arkel–de Boer process, titanium tetraiodide (TiI 4) is generated in the production of high purity titanium metal. [21]
A characteristic reaction of TiCl 4 is its easy hydrolysis, signaled by the release of HCl vapors and titanium oxides and oxychlorides. Titanium tetrachloride has been used to create naval smokescreens, as the hydrochloric acid aerosol and titanium dioxide that is formed scatter light very efficiently. This smoke is corrosive, however.
Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula FeTiO 3.It is a weakly magnetic black or steel-gray solid. Ilmenite is the most important ore of titanium [5] and the main source of titanium dioxide, which is used in paints, printing inks, [6] fabrics, plastics, paper, sunscreen, food and cosmetics.
A common reduced titanium oxide is TiO, also known as titanium monoxide. It can be prepared from titanium dioxide and titanium metal at 1500 °C. [4] Ti 3 O 5, Ti 4 O 7, and Ti 5 O 9 are non-stoichiometric oxides. These compounds are typically formed at high temperatures in the presence of excess oxygen.