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  2. Three-phase traffic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase_traffic_theory

    The velocity of the downstream front of a wide moving jam (in the upstream direction) is a characteristic parameter, as is the flow rate just downstream of the jam (with free flow at this location, see Figure 8). This means that many wide-moving jams have similar features under similar conditions.

  3. Traffic congestion reconstruction with Kerner's three-phase ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_congestion...

    While the downstream front of synchronized flow at which vehicles accelerate to free flow is usually fixed at the bottleneck (see Fig. 2 (a, b)), the upstream front of synchronized flow at which vehicles moving initially in free flow must decelerate approaching synchronized flow can propagate upstream.

  4. Traffic flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_flow

    In transportation engineering, traffic flow is the study of interactions between travellers (including pedestrians, cyclists, drivers, and their vehicles) and infrastructure (including highways, signage, and traffic control devices), with the aim of understanding and developing an optimal transport network with efficient movement of traffic and minimal traffic congestion problems.

  5. Current (hydrology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_(hydrology)

    Likewise, the term downstream or downriver describes the direction towards the mouth of the stream or river, in which the current flows. The term " left bank " and " right bank " refers to banks as seen from the direction of flow, towards the downstream direction.

  6. Standard step method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Step_Method

    The upstream and downstream portions must be modeled separately with an initial depth of 9.21 m for the upstream portion, and 0.15 m for the downstream portion. The downstream depth should only be modeled until it reaches the conjugate depth of the normal depth, at which point a hydraulic jump will form.

  7. Hydraulic jumps in rectangular channels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_Jumps_in...

    Figure 1 shows a schematic of typical jump characteristics where E 1 is the energy of the upstream flow, E 2 is the energy of the downstream flow and L j is the length of the hydraulic jump. A series of small surface rollers are formed in a standing wave like the one shown in Figure 1. Hydraulic Jump Schematic1

  8. Hydraulic jump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_jump

    A related case is a cascade – a wall or undulating wave of water moves downstream overtaking a shallower downstream flow of water as shown in Figure 5. If considered from a frame of reference which moves with the wave front, this is amenable to the same analysis as a stationary jump.

  9. Flow net - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_net

    The method consists of filling the flow area with stream and equipotential lines, which are everywhere perpendicular to each other, making a curvilinear grid.Typically there are two surfaces (boundaries) which are at constant values of potential or hydraulic head (upstream and downstream ends), and the other surfaces are no-flow boundaries (i.e., impermeable; for example the bottom of the dam ...