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Therefore, agitated honeybees display an increased expectation of bad outcomes similar to a vertebrate-like emotional state. The researchers of the study stated that, "Although our results do not allow us to make any claims about the presence of negative subjective feelings in honeybees, they call into question how we identify emotions in any ...
Robert Plutchik (21 October 1927 – 29 April 2006) was an American psychologist who was professor emeritus at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and adjunct professor at the University of South Florida.
Psychological pain, mental pain, or emotional pain is an unpleasant feeling (a suffering) of a psychological, non-physical origin.A pioneer in the field of suicidology, Edwin S. Shneidman, described it as "how much you hurt as a human being.
Affect displays are the verbal and non-verbal displays of affect . [1] These displays can be through facial expressions , gestures and body language , volume and tone of voice , laughing , crying , etc. Affect displays can be altered or faked so one may appear one way, when they feel another (e.g., smiling when sad).
Display rules determine how we act and to what extent an emotion is expressed in any given situation. They are often used to protect one's own self-image or those of another person. The understanding of display rules is a complex, multifaceted task.
For example, children may understand that upon receiving a gift they should display a smile, irrespective of their actual feelings about the gift. [79] During childhood, there is also a trend towards the use of more cognitive emotion regulation strategies, taking the place of more basic distraction, approach, and avoidance tactics.
For instance, emotional expression through writing can help people better understand their feelings, and subsequently regulate their emotions or adjust their actions. [48] In research by James W. Pennebaker , people who observed a traumatic death showed more improvements in physical health and subjective well-being after writing about their ...
Emotion classification, the means by which one may distinguish or contrast one emotion from another, is a contested issue in emotion research and in affective science. ...