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Dental fluorosis is a common [2] disorder, characterized by hypocalcification of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. [ 3 ] [ needs update ] It appears as a range of visual changes in enamel [ 4 ] causing degrees of intrinsic tooth discoloration , and, in some cases, physical damage to the teeth.
Fluoride has a high tendency to react with the calcium hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 in tooth enamel due to its high affinity to metals. [8] [10] It subsequently replaces the hydroxide group in hydroxyapatite to precipitate calcium fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3)F. [8] These fluorapatite precipitations scavenge excess phosphate and calcium in the saliva to form a supersaturated solution for ...
Tooth remineralization is the natural repair process for non-cavitated tooth lesions, [1] [2] in which calcium, phosphate and sometimes fluoride ions are deposited into crystal voids in demineralised enamel. Remineralization can contribute towards restoring strength and function within tooth structure.
Shahrooz Yazdani, DDS, notes that excessive whitening can impact the enamel on your teeth, the layer that defends your smile against physical, thermal and chemical damage. Balance is key! Balance ...
It is a very common oral condition and affects 13% of the world population. It is often due to poor oral hygiene which leads to accumulation of oral bacteria and build up of keratin on the tongue surface. Black hairy tongue can also be associated with the use of certain medications such as antibiotics, prolonged coffee/tea drinking habit, or ...
The dark brown to black stains along the gum line of the teeth are the result of the porous nature of calculus immediately picking up the stains from nicotine and tar. Betel chewing. [12] Betel chewing produces blood-red saliva that stains the teeth red-brown to nearly black. [13] The extract gel of betel leaf contain tannin, a chromogenic ...
Enamel infractions are microcracks seen within the dental enamel of a tooth. [1] They are commonly the result of dental trauma to the brittle enamel, which remains adherent to the underlying dentine. They can be seen more clearly when transillumination is used. Enamel infractions are found more often in older teeth, as the accumulated trauma is
Enamel hypocalcification is a defect of tooth enamel in which normal amounts of enamel are produced but are hypomineralized. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In this defect the enamel is softer than normal. Some areas in enamel are hypocalcified: enamel spindles, enamel tufts, and enamel lamellae.
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